In the Loop with The Group (1966)
Melancholia! Sex! The New Deal! Alcoholism! Brooding Artists! Swedish Modern Furniture! Psychoanalysis! Contraception! Lesbians! The Abraham Lincoln Brigade! The La Leche League! Cocktail Parties! The Theatre with a capital “T”! The Group (1966-Sidney Lumet) had it all, dear readers, in spades. At this distance, the gulf between personal and public faces and the political skirmishes touched on in this movie between Trotskyites, Stalinists, socialists and the battle of the sexes seems even more long ago and far away than it must have appeared in the 1960s. Still, I couldn’t help being drawn into the story, thanks largely to the talented cast and the sometimes uneven but breezy, episodic nature of the movie.
I also remembered that this may have been one of the first “adult” movies I was aware of as a kid. You couldn’t miss it. Producer Charles K. Feldman, an old Hollywood hand, drummed up enormous publicity for the book and movie. Every time Esquire, Look or Life magazine landed on our coffee table, there seemed to be one more inevitable article about The Making of The Group, with special focus on the youthful and talented actresses chosen to play in the edgy film, along with one stunning 19 year old model who happened to have grown up in Hollywood, Candice Bergen, but who had no idea what she was getting into as an actress, even though she was asked to play an icy, enigmatic figure well beyond her own limited experience at the time. I suppose it was one of the first times I realized that movies could spark so much friction in social discourse. The novel that it was based on was also in our house, as were the other books of the talented if tart-tongued author. Having read most of her work, I was always hoping to check out the film version, though I have to admit that I haven’t read any of this now nearly forgotten writer’s work in over a decade. Finally seeing this once groundbreaking movie on TCM for the first time recently, I’m now glad that most of the alumni notices that come in the mail for me are filed in the recycling bin–pronto. Sure, I’m still in touch with some beloved individuals from the old gang from school, but this movie renewed my faith in keeping in touch–at a distance. My slightly jaundiced view of the good old days of college may have been influenced by this movie, which reflected only a portion of the blistering caricatures of her peers that writer Mary McCarthy put on paper in her best-selling novel, which was much more frank than this movie. The novel was published in 1963 to scandalous notices for its frankness and its author’s sharp assessment of her generation, focusing on a gaggle of golden girls as they came of age between 1933 and 1940. I also wonder if Lumet may have had some difficulty directing so many women in one movie. Many of his most popular movies center on men and their ethical choices in life, such as 12 Angry Men, The Hill, Serpico, Prince of the City and The Verdict, though he has directed some films, such as Beatrice Straight and Fay Dunaway in Network, Christine Lahti in Running on Empty and Katharine Hepburn as Mary Tyrone in Long Day’s Journey Into Night that showcased individual female performances that were extraordinary. Unfortunately, Lumet‘s ponderous approach to this big canvas story doesn’t deserve the leaden seriousness that nearly sinks the lumbering movie, despite the talented cast’s yeoman efforts.
The crowd of highly educated, privileged characters on the screen in The Group approached their postgraduate life in the Great Depression as though it was a midterm exam to be aced and filed away, with each milestone treated like a fast course in typing or dancing, another skill acquired, to be trotted out at the next luncheon with the other girls in the group. Full of ideas about a woman’s role in the society, but with little real life experience other than in school, the movie chronicles their continued education in the real world. Viewing a collection of actresses in some of their screen roles, it’s hard not to be impressed with the talent of each of the eight leads, especially a luminous Shirley Knight as the grounded, seemingly timid hospital worker Polly saddled with her Princess Leia hairdos and manic-depressive father (Robert Emhart, who is very funny, describing himself as the ‘aristocrat of madmen’), or the soft-spoken yet intense Joan Hackett as Dottie, a Boston-bred girl surprised and undone by the carnal side of her nature, which she genteelly mistakes for love for artist Richard Mulligan, playing a bohemian bum masquerading as a listless adventurer. Hackett‘s disappearance from the proceedings for much of the movie leaves a viewer longing for the return of her edgy nervousness, as she babbles about pantheism, skyscraper design, the love of rituals, and her own excitement at the prospect of living dangerously. The gentle Elizabeth Hartman is perhaps the most touching figure among the group, as the waifish, committed Roosevelt foot soldier in the NRA who is turned into a brood mare dominated by her doctor husband who chides her when she miscarries their baby because it might be a blow to his professional reputation. The seemingly brash and sexy Jessica Walter as the garrulous, privately inhibited Libby is also exceptional in the cast, though naturally she is, it turns out, a professional virgin despite her demeanor. While their efforts might be undermined by the sheer size of the cast and the episodic nature of the movie, each of them left an impression that lasts long after the movie. Joanna Pettet as Kay, the restless striver whose marriage and funeral bookend the movie is less effective in a thankless part, in part due to the constantly shifting tone of the script which never allows her to stand still for a moment, the panicky nature of her characterization, and a surfeit of camera time for her character, whose political and social pretensions seems to pall beside the mess of her marriage to a “man of the theater”, Harald. Much of the time when screeching Kay was on screen, I kept wondering what might have been if Prozac was invented in 1930. The lovely Kathleen Widdoes as Helena, an artist and the group’s chronicler shows flashes of spine, crowing like a rooster and confronting Carrie Nye‘s languid artist, who is having an affair with Kay’s souse of a husband. Still, her character has scant screen time and leaves a ghostly impression ultimately. Mary-Robin Redd played Pokey, a character who is largely confined to mouthing “Who’d a thunk it?” and babbling about learning to fly a plane to Cornell, was the one actress whose career. Most striking in the smallest but most talked about part was 19 year old Candice Bergen as Lakey the “Lesbo”. In her memoir, Knock Wood, Bergen recalled her own puzzlement over this acting business, wondering what this “sense memory” stuff was all about and why people were bowled over by her spectacular looks, which really had nothing to do with her as a person. It would be years before Bergen could find a way to develop her ensemble comedic talents on Saturday Night Live and in Murphy Brown. As it was, she garnered the most press attention during the filming, earning her the lion’s share of professional jealousy from some of her castmates and the most biting reviews, including critic Pauline Kael‘s observation that “the only flair in Candice Bergen‘s acting” was found in the “arch of her patrician nostrils”. Actually, with her minimal amount of lines, wearing jodhpurs and slightly masculine bowler with a veil, she seems pretty close to the character in the book of The Group, with her enigmatic “Mona Lisa” smile and a contented air of self-knowledge that few of the other characters ever display.
What movie did this remind me of? At first the efforts of director Sidney Lumet and scenarist Sidney Buchman to squeeze the almost 500 pages of Mary MCarthy’s novel into one movie made The Group‘s stories seemed to belong to that sorority of ensemble movies such as The Women, Stage Door, Three Coins in the Fountain, The Best of Everything, and, inevitably, their ghastly recent descendant, Sex and the City. However, none of these movies seemed as apt an ancestor of The Group to me as a brisk little flick featuring another parade of gal-power, Thirteen Women (1932-George Archainbaud). Couldn’t any of the women in The Group have found some livelier men? The girls in Thirteen Women and The Group were both married to or looking for some pretty poor quality of the men. Neither presents that half of the human race in a gentle light, but gee, among the 8 million people in NYC, wouldn’t you think these ladies in The Group could have found a few more live ones than the drunken playwright (Larry Hagman) who throws his play down the incinerator, the indecisive editor (Hal Holbrook in his debut) who longs to fight in The Spanish Civil War, if only his analyst would give him permission to go, the jaded Greenwich Village artist (Richard Mulligan), and the Eurotrash Baron (Bruno Di Cosmi) who doesn’t find virgins interesting, or the Republican pediatrician (James Congdon) who looks upon his wife’s maternity as a science experiment. Jeez, we’ve all encountered some losers in our time, girls, but if it hadn’t been for the pragmatic romanticism of James Broderick‘s decent doctor, and the generous-spirited if mad father of Shirley Knight‘s Polly, played by Robert Emhardt with great, obtuse warmth, I wouldn’t have been surprised if most of these women ended up celibate or gay, instead of the conflicted creatures they mostly are, ambivalent at best about the loss of emotional and economic autonomy that sex presents to them.
Sadly, most of the men in the book are skewered but apparently factual renderings of author Mary McCarthy‘s men friends and Kay’s brutal husband is a combination of McCarthy’s first two husbands, actor and sometime playwright Harald Johnsrud and the noted critic Edmund Wilson. Despite these two corrosive relationships, the writer went on to marry twice more.As the movie went into its seventh inning stretch, I started to wonder how I might have cast The Group if it could have been made in the period it depicted?
Hmm, it’s silly I know, but intriguing to think of how this might be cast in the ’30s…Neurotic Kay (the Joanna Pettet character), might have been perfect for a young Bette Davis, circa 1934, who could have brought her particular aggressive neediness to this social climbing character. The Candice Bergen character of enigmatic Lakey might have been right for Merle Oberon (remember her in those pants as George Sand in A Song to Remember) or perhaps a self-possessed beauty such as Madeleine Carroll could bring haughtiness and naughtiness together. Libby, (Jessica Walter), that appealingly avid face “with a red gash for a mouth” could have been a plum for Eve Arden to play in the ’30s since this actress could give a simple line the most delicious spin, and in the next moment convey a pang of doubt and loneliness with just a glance. Priss, the vulnerable idealist played so beautifully by Elizabeth Hartman might have given a Maureen O’Sullivan a chance to come down from Tarzan’s tree house just in time to break your heart as her identity disappeared into domestic “bliss”. The capable, insightful Polly (Shirley Knight) might have been just right for Margaret Sullavan, blending her fragile strength with a glowing intelligence and subtle sensuality. A coltish Katharine Hepburn might have been able to play the Bostonian character brought to life by the inimitable Joan Hackett. The actresses who received the short end of the script, Why did I keep watching to the bitter end? I kept waiting for one simple, down to earth character to show up. You know who I mean. Sometimes she was played by a Margaret Hamilton playing a maid, an earthy Marjorie Main scratching her head or a salty-tongued Ruth Donnelly observing the foibles of “her betters”. Such a character might have grounded the pretentious flibbertigibbets as they struck a pose or two. The interaction of these characters with someone other than one another might even have guided the story from comic satire into tragedy, giving The Group more reality.
The Group (1966), which was broadcast on TCM recently and may be again in the future, is not commercially available on DVD, but may be found on pricey OOP VHS on the internet. My thanks to Bronxgirl, who shares my vice through her enjoyment of such movies. You inspired me to write this post. Sources: Bergen, Candice, Knock Wood,Linden Press, 1984. , 16 Responses In the Loop with The Group (1966)
SPOILER ALERT: Robert, I’ll be glad to help. Harald rode in the car with Lakey (Candace Bergen) toward the cemetery, but started to interrogate the smiling enimgmatic Lakey almost immediately about her relationship with The Group and in particular with Kay. In a line that was taken directly from the novel, Lakey explained that when she first knew Kay “she was like a wild flower” and she remained silent as Harald continued to try to pry into the nature of her relationship with Kay, finally cutting him off by pointing out that he should have asked Kay these questions. At that point, Harald called her disgusting, asked if she had always been a “lesbo” and when Lakey nodded yes, he insisted on getting out of the car, leaving him in the dust, Lakey drove off to the burial. It wasn’t a profound ending, but emphasized the exclusionary, insular nature of The Group and the limitations of Harald’s humanity and understanding of both his late wife, and human nature. Thanks for taking the time to post. I hope that helped. @Robert: Sharir7209 wondered “if the book is any better?” The book, written in Mary McCarthy’s dense and precise style with a strong dose of rueful score-settling and malicious wit was better than the movie. The book can be read on several levels, as a portrait of a naive generation’s sometimes blind idealism and disillusionment and as a portrait of an age, filled with telling details about a critical moment in American society just as it entered a period of tremendous social change. Perhaps best of all, it could also be relished as a dishy if acidic read, creating a portrait of an age and individuals in the ’30s. Time has made the real life identities of the characters less relevant than the vivid prose portraits McCarthy created in this novel. Thanks very much for your comments on the film. “I’m now glad that most of the alumni notices that come in the mail for me are filed in the recycling bin–pronto.” (Chuckles.) Great analysis of the movie and the book. Certainly the aspect of most lasting interest is the incredible cast. You can’t get any better than Shirley Knight, Kathleen Widdoes, Joan Hackett, Jessica Walter…they and all the rest are/were such talented ladies. Although all had varying degrees of fame in subsequent years, what a company of fresh faces with so much potential back then. If more mid-60s television were easily available to view, there are terrific performances from many of these ladies out there we could enjoy. I particularly recommend Shirley Knight’s amazing work in the “Outer Limits” episode “The Man Who Was Never Born”. What a bunch of gals! Moira, thanks for writing about The Group, which held my interest despite its many failings. The strength of some of the material and some of the performances carries us past the less successful parts. Watching The Hill and The Group back to back during the June salute to Lumet was startling. The Hill is stunningly well directed; surely only a great director could manage the spectacular opening of that film, yet Lumet has great difficulty staging some of the scenes in The Group. The scene at the funeral home is shockingly bad: a few of the women sit on chairs against the wall, and all the dialogue is voiceover. If I remember correctly, Pauline Kael wrote that this scene came out poorly, but they didn’t want to spend the money to re-shoot. What if Jane Fonda or Vanessa Redgrave had played Kay? I couldn’t agree more with you about Joanna Pettet. The script isn’t sure what to make of Kay, and Pettet lacks the star power that would fill in the gaps for us. The script is structurally a mess, with Dottie seeming to be our main character, but then she disappears, and the last part of the movie is mostly about Polly, who wasn’t important at all for the first half of the film. Everyone’s eager to find out what’s happened to Lakey, but then she doesn’t have much to do when she finally reappears. Buchman and Lumet would have done well to drop Pokey and Helena, at the very least, and thread the other characters throughout the whole picture. Love your suggestions for a 1930s Group! Bette Davis as Kay would solve a lot of problems. By the way, I believe Kael wrote that Lumet and Boris Kaufman worked hard to achieve the faded-out look of the colors, so it was a conscious choice. You’d think this film would be out on DVD, given the later prominence of Candace Bergen, Larry Hagman, and Richard Mulligan on TV. “it’s BEANS, Norine, BEANS!!” What a treat for us, thank you moira me darlin’. Has anyone been able to figure out what it is that Carrie Nye is EATING as she’s having that little talk in her boho apt. with the sexless mule? Is it yoghurt? Is it sheep dip? Is it ranch dressing? Just what is the white stuff she’s sinously slurping down with that giant spoon? (is Lumet telling us something?) And which character raises the blood pressure more with their nervous, restless energy, Joanna Pettet as Kay here or Jennifer jason Leigh as grown Selena in DELORES CLAIBORNE? Barb Bronxgirl asked: Possible Answer: As to what Lumet is telling us, I suspect it has something to do with having an unhealthy appetite for life or something equally deep. The base instincts that Norine lives by may indicate that she is not as refined as the girls from the Ivory Tower, but she sure knows her bad self. Btw, I like Carrie Nye‘s bemused reaction when Helena (Kathleen Widdoes, saddled with one of the most thankless roles of all, that of “the sexless mule”), comments drily that “one can live without sex, you know”…I half expected Nye to say, “Not in this movie, sister.” Poor Joanna Pettet. I got to the point in this movie around the time when she was freaking out over the idea of paper napkins being used when served with her theatrical soirée’s déclassé chili, where I started to think, ah, if only Kay had been born in the Prozac Age. So much sturm and drang would have been easier for her. But Harald probably would have taken her prescription right along with her fragile self-respect–and then tell her she asked for it. “And which character raises the blood pressure more with their nervous, restless energy, Joanna Pettet as Kay here or Jennifer jason Leigh as grown Selena in DELORES CLAIBORNE?” I think Joanna Pettet‘s Kay wins hands down over Jennifer Jason Leigh in the edgy nervousness sweepstakes. Leigh’s character in Delores Claiborne just seemed more exhausted (physically, emotionally and spiritually) than nervous to me, (perhaps she was hungover or just had nervous leg syndrome, since she Thanks so much for dropping by, Bronxie. You’ve given me lots to mull over. What a really enjoyable read. And I loved the summation by Moira and Sharir on how “The Group” ended. I also liked how “Thirteen Women” was thrown in there as a sample of this type of film. I’ve got to visit you Morlocks more often. This is a site that has it goin’ on! Oh my…I forgot to add Moira, that that was a brilliant piece of casting you submitted when you put some thirties babes into the proceedings. You know your movies!! Every tgime I watch that scene with Norine and Helena, I actually get an urge to run out and buy a pint of Dannon. Now that I think about it, you’re absolutely right about Jennifer Jason’s Leigh being more enervating (although Babra as Doris Wilgus Washington Whatever in my fave Streisand film, THE OWL AND THE PUSSYCAT, gives Felix (and us) a refresher course on the word meaning the opposite of what it sounds like, lol) Larry Hagman as Harald never fails to crack me up; I mean, I always laugh my head off. He plays the character with a maniacal I met Shirley Knight when she walked into Chicago’s Gino’s Pizza about 12 years ago where I was working in the evening. I recognized her immediately and waited on her. I told her I really liked her as Polly in THE GROUP, and she was surprised that I remembered her in it, “You have a good memory”. Then she told me she had a new movie coming out. (turned out to be AS GOOD AS IT GETS) She left a good tip. Thanks, CineMaven, Bronxgirl, I remember “Family” — For some reason I never cared for Sada Thompson. Something about her really turned me off — her shifty looking, raisinette, piggy little eyes, I’m not quite sure, but I wanted James Broderick to be married to someone else. I might start a James Broderick fab club, lol. I think it is worth mentioning that Mary McCarthy had an equally famous actor brother – Kevin McCarthy, best known for Invasion of the Body Snatchers. I would have liked to listen to those two siblings’ conversations. The TCM database says Kevin,in his 90s,is still acting. God bless him! He was a buddy of Monty Clift for a while but, unlike Clift, was not gay. He is also one of the last surviving cast members of The Misfits. Marilyn and Gable were the first to go. Then Clift and Thelma Ritter. None of them survived The Sixties. Is Eli Wallach still alive and active? I liked and listened to his commentary for The Magnificent Seven DVD. Leave a Reply |
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Perhaps you can assist with a great big spoiler for me. I also watched the recent TCM screening of THE GROUP, was drawn in by it, and was less than pleased to discover my timer-recording cut out before the film wrapped. Last thing I saw was Larry Hagman and Candice Bergen just starting to share a car ride. Likely this was towards the very end, but as I have no idea when THE GROUP may surface again on the TCM schedule perhaps you can let me know how the scene resolved and indeed how the film ended. Thank you!